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importante sentencia del tribunal supremo sobre custodia compartida
| Posted on August 8, 2013 at 6:14 PM |
Sentencia Nº: 257/2013 Fecha Sentencia: 29/04/2013 CASACIÓN Recurso Nº: 2525/2011 Fallo/Acuerdo: Sentencia Estimando Parcialmente Votación y Fallo: 03/04/2013 Ponente Excmo. Sr. D.: José Antonio Seijas Quintana Procedencia: AUD.PROVINCIAL DE ALICANTE SECCION N. 4 Secretaría de Sala: Ilmo. Sr. D. José María Ramallo Seisdedos La Sala Primera del Tribunal Supremo ha fijado doctrina en torno a la
interpretación de los apartados 5, 6 y 7 del artículo 92 del Código
Civil en lo relativo a los presupuestos que han de concurrir y valorarse
para que pueda adoptarse, en interés del menor, el régimen de guarda y
custodia compartida.
La sentencia, de la que ha sido ponente el magistrado Seijas Quintana,
considera en primer lugar que la Audiencia Provincial, que denegó el
régimen de guarda compartida en el asunto que ha llegado a casación,
partió para tomar su decisión de que el régimen de guarda y custodia
compartida es algo excepcional, mostrando una posicióninicialmente
contraria a este régimen y considerando “como problemas lo que son
virtudes de este régimen como la exigencia de un alto grado de
dedicación por parte de los padres y la necesidad de una gran
disposición de éstos a colaborar en su ejecución”. También reprocha a la
sentencia recurrida que no fundara su decisión “en el interés del
menor, al que no hace alusión alguna, y que debe tenerse necesariamente
en cuenta en los litigios sobre guarda y custodia compartida”.
La Sala recuerda que tras la sentencia del Tribunal Constitucional 185/2002,
de 17 de octubre, la adopción del régimen de guarda y custodia
compartida ya no depende del informe favorable del Fiscal sino,
únicamente, de la valoración que merezca al Juez la adecuación de dicha
medida al interés del menor, siendo punto de partida que la guarda y
custodia compartida no es lo excepcional sino que debe ser la regla
general siempre que no resulte perjudicial para el menor, pues “el
mantenimiento de la potestad conjunta resulta sin duda la mejor solución
para el menor en cuanto le permite seguir relacionándose establemente
con ambos padres”.
Sentados estos postulados, la Sala concluye que la adopción de la
medida de la guarda conjunta, además de exigir petición de parte (de
ambos progenitores o de al menos uno de ellos), requiere la constatación
de que esta no resulta perjudicial sino conveniente para el interés del
menor, para lo que deben concurrir determinados requisitos expuestos
con reiteración por la Sala y que nuevamente se afirman en la sentencia
con valor de doctrina jurisprudencial.
Estos requisitos son los siguientes: la práctica anterior de los
progenitores en sus relaciones con el menor y sus aptitudes personales;
los deseos manifestados por los menores competentes; el número de hijos;
el cumplimiento por parte de los progenitores de sus deberes en
relación con los hijos y el respeto mutuo en sus relaciones personales;
el resultado de los informes exigidos legalmente; y, en definitiva,
cualquier otro que permita a los menores una vida adecuada en una
convivencia que forzosamente deberá ser más compleja que la que se lleva
a cabo cuando los progenitores conviven, sin que la mera constatación
de que el régimen de guarda y custodia se adapta mejor al interés de los
progenitores resulte suficiente para deducir que se adapta mejor al
interés del menor, que es el que debe primar.
En el caso concreto que vuelve, la Sala casa y anula la sentencia
recurrida únicamente en lo que se refiere a la denegación de la guarda y
custodia compartida de la hija menor del matrimonio, pero mantiene
dicho pronunciamiento, si bien por razones distintas de las que señala
la sentencia recurrida. |
Categories: custodia compartida
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